Sugar in Baby Formula

When looking for substitutes to breast milk, guardians and parents are often taken aback to discover various types of sugar mentioned on the packaging of readily available baby formulas. The usage of sugar in infant nutrition has been extensively researched and linked to negative consequences such as childhood obesity, dental decay, and long-term health issues. Despite this knowledge, several American formula manufacturers continue to use this ingredient. This article delves into the significance of sugars in baby formula and explores whether it is feasible to eliminate added sugars from your baby's diet.

Recognizing Sugar Content in Infant Formula

When exploring alternatives to breast milk, it's common for parents and caregivers to be taken aback by the presence of one or more types of sugar listed on the label of over-the-counter infant formulas.

Lactose, a naturally occurring sugar in milk, is a crucial carbohydrate present in most milk-based baby formulas designed to imitate breast milk. It plays a vital role in the development of infants.

Regrettably, numerous American baby formulas substitute lactose with non-lactose sugars to maintain a carbohydrate level that is comparable to human milk. These additional sugars are considered harmful sugars present in baby products.

Sugars found in infant formulas are categorized as saccharides, and they can be readily recognized by the use of the “–ose” suffix. Some of these sugars are naturally present in whole foods, such as lactose (in milk) and fructose (in fruit).

Other forms of sugar, such as glucose, sucrose, dextrose, galactose, and maltose, are authorized for use in American baby formula but are avoided in Europe. When reviewing the ingredients list, it's essential not to confuse lactose with these unnecessary added sugars.

Carbohydrates 

Carbohydrates are essential for infant growth and development, as they provide the necessary energy for cells to support these processes. Breast milk contains lactose, which is the standard for baby formula in both the US and Europe. To meet this standard, the FDA and EU require that all baby formulas provide 40% of their calories from carbohydrates.

However, not all carbohydrates are equal. Baby formula manufacturers must be careful about the types of sugars they use to provide the necessary calories. Some sugars, such as lactose, are natural and beneficial, while others, like glucose, sucrose, dextrose, galactose, and maltose, are added and may have negative health implications. By understanding the differences in sugar types used in baby formula, we can better compare and evaluate American vs European formulas.

Lactose

Lactose is the natural sugar present in milk and is commonly referred to as "milk sugar". It is naturally present in all milk produced by mammals, including human breast milk. Lactose is considered the ideal source of carbohydrate for baby formula as it is easily digestible for infants and provides the necessary energy required for their growth and development.

High-quality infant formula, aimed at mimicking the composition of breast milk, will have lactose as the primary carbohydrate source, which is usually sourced from organic cow's milk or organic goat's milk. In contrast, some American baby formulas use cheaper substitutes such as sucrose (table sugar composed of glucose and fructose) and corn syrup solids (composed of only glucose) as their main carbohydrate sources. These substitutes, particularly sucrose, are sweeter than lactose and have a higher glycemic index.

Corn Syrup Solids

Corn syrup solids are often used as a substitute for lactose in American baby formulas, but this ingredient is banned in European baby formulas due to its potential health risks. Corn syrup solids are made from dehydrated corn syrup, which is a form of glucose that has a high glycemic index and can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose levels when consumed. Additionally, up to 92% of corn in the US is genetically modified, which can pose risks to human health and the environment. The use of corn syrup solids as a carbohydrate source in baby formula is a concern due to its potential health risks and the fact that it is a cheaper alternative to lactose.

Sucrose

Sucrose, also known as table sugar, is a lactose substitute that is often added to American baby formula for its sweet taste and slower metabolizing properties compared to corn syrup solids. However, the European Union has placed regulations on its use due to concerns about overfeeding and obesity, while the FDA has not.

As a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose, sucrose must be broken down before infants can use its energy. The majority of this breakdown occurs in the small intestines, where it is split into its individual components. However, the presence of glucose can increase the absorption of fructose and trigger the release of insulin, which can increase the risk of obesity and long-term diabetes due to pancreatic overload.

Maltodextrin

Maltodextrin is a lactose substitute commonly derived from corn and containing hydrolyzed sugar molecules that are easily digested, making it a popular choice for infants with sensitive digestive systems.

Available in powdered form with a neutral taste and low sweetness, maltodextrin is suitable for infant nutrition in small amounts, as it falls in the middle of the glycemic scale and has excellent solubility, ensuring a smooth consistency of the formula.

However, it is generally not recommended to use maltodextrin as the primary source of calories from carbohydrates in baby formula due to the increased glycemic load it may cause.

In European formulas, maltodextrin is certified organic and GMO-free, and is used in smaller quantities. In contrast, U.S. baby formula companies often source maltodextrin from genetically-modified crops and use it as the main carbohydrate source.

For babies who require a hydrolyzed or broken down carbohydrate source, a European formula that combines lactose and maltodextrin in appropriate amounts may provide a healthy balance.

The Glycemic Index

The Glycemic Index (GI) is a measurement that reflects how quickly 50g of a carbohydrate can raise blood sugar levels. Carbohydrates that have a low GI value are slowly digested, absorbed, and metabolized, causing a gradual and moderate increase in blood glucose and insulin levels. In contrast, high GI value carbohydrates are quickly metabolized, requiring more insulin to be produced to metabolize the sugar.

Lactose, with a GI value of 46, is metabolized at an optimal rate, leading to even blood sugar and insulin levels, and providing the right amount of energy for a baby's growth and development.

In contrast, fast-acting carbs like corn syrup solids have a high GI value, leading to a rapid increase in blood sugar levels, sometimes up to twice the rate of lactose. This can cause blood sugar spikes and increase the risk of future health issues.

Essential Carbohydrates

European baby formula contains essential carbohydrates that provide the energy babies require to grow and develop. These carbohydrates primarily come from lactose, which is considered the ideal carbohydrate source for infants. High-quality formulas sourced from organic ingredients and free from preservatives, GMOs, and added sugars are the best option for babies.

Happy Tummies is committed to providing only the highest quality organic baby formulas sourced from trusted European brands such as HiPP, Holle, and Kendamil. We strive to create a supportive community for Canadian and American families, where they can connect, share advice and information, and stay up-to-date on the latest trends in baby care.